Saturday, August 31, 2019
Origins and Significance
Among the elements of theatre, the costume is perhaps the actorââ¬â¢s most intimate physical tool during his performance. It completes the actorââ¬â¢s character, depicting his age, gender role, profession, social class, personality, from which he could draw more depth into his performance. And without the actor or narrator verbalizing it, the costume gives information as to the period/era, geographic location, season or weather, and time of day of the performance, thus making the costume an integral part of an entire production.In addition, the costume helps establish relationships between characters (mother and daughter, or servant and master, for example) and illustrate a characterââ¬â¢s emotional state, as in Chekovââ¬â¢s The Seagull where Masha wears black to reflect her melancholy (Baranger, 2006). Sceno:graphy, a theatre design website, expounds on costumes in theatre as ââ¬Å"the final jigsaw in a complex character,â⬠further detailing that it ââ¬Å"is the p ersonal expression of a character and within the world of a story it can also be used to create the collage that becomes theatrical design.The role of costume takes on greater meanings depending on the performanceâ⬠¦ but also becomes part of the theatrical ââ¬Ëpicture. ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ The idea of using costumes in theatre can be traced from the ancient Greek times, with only the actor, manager, director, or wardrobe person was responsible for clothing worn on stage giving little attention to the unity of visual elements (Baranger, 2006). The use of costumes did not originate in just one place, however. In the different parts of the world where theatre is a significant part of the culture, costumes were used to identify the good from the evil, the human from the spirit or animal.Often, masks completed the costumes. In Ancient Greek drama, the actors wore large masks with exaggerated expressions. These masks fell into two general categories: tragic and comic. In Rome, masks wer e used in comedy and pantomime. During Renaissance, the commedia dellââ¬â¢arte made extravagant use of half masks covering the eyes and nose were used (Encarta, 2006). In old Asia, where the traditional pageants employed shiny and colorful costumes to portray the royalty, masks were required to represent the kings, princesses and grotesque characters.Japan has various and unique types of costumes, sometimes depending on the kind of theatre. In the No theatre, the costumes were intricate, formal and imaginative, usually bold in color and design, and made for a certain actor, and each had specific rules to follow. Kabuki costumes, on the other hand used big wigs and many different types of mask styles to match the character (Thinkquest, 2006). In Japanese theatre, color was used a lot to depict the emotions of a character: red for passion and super human power, blue for jealousy and fearfulness (Thinkquest, 2006), and so on.In Peking Opera, the actors wear long cuffs called water s leeves which they flick about to express emotions; warriors are identified by their heavily embroidered satin coats (Fisher, 2007). In India, several types of dance-dramas exist, the most popular of which is the kathakali, of which plots come from the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. The performers wear brightly colored makeup in symbolic patterns and beards made of paper, and costumes comprised of layered wide skirts and disk-shaped headdresses (Fisher, 2007).Ancient Roman actors, on the other hand, developed a kind of code that would tell the audience about the character just by looking at them: a black wig meant the character was a young man, gray meant he was an old man, red wig meant the character was slave; a white robe meant the character was an old man, a purple robe meant he was a young man. Color, in the modern theatre, is also used to illustrate moods: black means depressing or evilââ¬â¢ white is purity, red is passion or anger, blue is cool and tranquil, magen ta means royalty, green is peace and hope (Richardson, 1996).The role of costume in the modern theatre has not changed so much in the overall impact of a production. References Barranger, M. S. (2006). Theater. Microsoftà ® Encartaà ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Mask. (2006). Microsoftà ® Encartaà ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Richardson, S. (1996). WPI Technical Theatre Handbook. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http://www. gweep. net/~prefect/pubs/iqp/technical_theatre_handbook. pdf. Scenography. Costume Design. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http://www. sceno. org/articles/costume-design/ Sorgenfrei, C. F. (2006). Asian Theater.Microsoftà ® Encartaà ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Theatrical Costume. (2006). Microsoftà ® Encartaà ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Thinkquest. (2006). Japanese Theatre Costumes. Retrieved November 8, from http://library. thinkquest. org/05aug/00717/pages/costumes. ht ml Wikipedia. Costumes. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Costumes. Wikipedia. Costume Design. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Costume_designer Wikipedia. History of Theatre. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_theatre
Renaissance Artemisa Gentileschi Essay
My idol of the Renaissance period is the famous woman artist named Artemisia Gentileschi. She was born in Rome on July 8, 1593. Her father was a well-know Roman artist named Orazio Gentileschi and my mother was named Prudentia Monotone. She died when Artemisia was twelve. Most women artists in this post-Renaissance era were limited to portrait paintings and poses. She was the first woman to paint major historical and religious scenarios, such as her painting, Judith Beheading Holofernes, c. 1620. At an early age she experienced loss. Two of her brothers died during childhood and her mother died while giving birth. Showing some artistic skill, Artemisia received some early training from her father. After art academies rejected her, her father hired his friend, Agostino Tassi, to teach her. In 1612, she was sexually assaulted by him. The trial was seven long months. Artemisia was tortured with thumb screws in order to make her tell the truth of her claims. He was ultimately convicted, but Artemisa had a tarnished reputation after. She had been publicly humiliated and was severely criticized then and in her life forward. Artemisiaââ¬â¢s first painting was named, Susanna and the Elder, c 1610. She was seventeen when she painted it. Michelangelo had a major influence on her style. The painting depicts the biblical story of Susanna, a young wife who was sexually harassed by the elder of her community. She shows her as vulnerable and frightened, while the men are conspiring behind her. This painting was completed before the rape, but it might be a depiction of the harassment from Tassi. The trauma of the rape impacted how she painted; she often painted graphic depictions of people dealing with pain. In 1612, she came to Florence, Italy where her father arranged for her to marry a Florentine artist name Pietro Antonia di Vincenzo Stiattesi. They became official members of the Academie del Disegno (Academy of Design) in 1616, which was a prestigious honor for me, a woman. Her first child, Giovanni Battista was born in September of 1613. Her second son, Cristofano, was born in November of 1615. Her husband is starting to prefer gambling over working. They are in much debt. In August of 1617, she gave birth to a daughter named Prudentia; sometimes called Palmira. She continued to live with Pietro even though it was loveless. He left me 10 years later. She had a second daughter in October of 1618, but she died in June of 1619. It was a difficult time and unbeknownst to Artemisia, they are even in more serious debt than I had originally thought. In 1621, she returned to her hometown in Rome as ordered by Cosmo II de Midici. She was supposed to return in order recover from an illness and her family problems. She also spent time in Venice from 1627 to 1630. She never returned to Florence. She went to Genoa for a short time with her father and painted, Jael and Sisera. Some of her patrons while back in Rome were cardinals Francesco and Antoni Barberion, both wealthy and influential prelates. By 1630, she moves to the city of Naples. Charles I of England and the Duke of Modena also purchased her paintings. Naples was the wealthiest city in southern Europe at this time. She also worked in England for a while beginning in 1638 where her father had a position at the court of Charles I. She returned after her father death in 1639. As noted above, her most famous painting, Judith Beheading Holfernes, illustrated an event from the Old Testament Book of Judith. Holofernes, the Assyrian general, was preparing to destroy the land of Judah. Judith then goes to a maidservant, Abra, to the Holorenesââ¬â¢ camp. She poses as a deserter from the Hebrews. Judith seduces him with her beauty, gives him alcohol, and then severs his head! After her death, her grave marker was lost during church renovations and the inscription on her headstone, rather than mentioning her artwork, remembered her sexual scandal instead. In time, Artemisia was often forgotten about in the Art world and her paintings were often wrongly attributed to her father or other artists. Centuries later, renewed interest in Artemisia uncovered her story, properly attributed her work and finally restored her reputation as one of the worldââ¬â¢s most important female artists and a major artist of the Italian Baroque period. Gentileschi often chose historic and biblical subjects that featured a female protagonist: Susanna, Bathsheba, Esther, Judith. Her style was heavily influenced by dramatic realism and marked contrasting light and dark of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1573 ââ¬â 1610). The first book devoted to her, Artemisia Gentileschi ââ¬â The Image of The Female Hero in Italian Baroque Art. by Mary D. Garrard, was issued in 1989; her first exhibition was held in Florence in 1991. A TV documentary, a play, and more recently, a film have advanced her visibility as an important artist. As noted above, Artemisai Gentileschi, was inspired to paint by her father and by famous artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Today she is regarded as one of the most progressive and expressionist painters of her generation. After moving back to Rome French artist, Pierre Dunostier le Neveu, made a drawing of her hand holding a paintbrush. She along with her father were one of many artists invited by King Charles I of England to decorate the ceilings of the Queenââ¬â¢s house in Greenwhich. I am inspired by her because she chose to stand up and compete against the men of that time. Woman of that era had such difficulties trying to gain recognition for their work. She is one of the first women who eventually overcame adversity. Her technical skill showed human emotion from a ââ¬Å"womanââ¬â¢sâ⬠perspective which some say is a breakthrough in art. In the words of Mary D. Garrard, she ââ¬Å"has suffered a scholarly neglect that is almost unthinkable for an artist of her caliber.â⬠[pic] Susanna and The Elders c 1610 [pic] Judith Slaying Holfernes Cited Work http://www.artbible.info/art/biography/artemisia-gentileschi http://www.artemisia-gentileschi.com/index.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi http://www.themasterpiececards.com/famous-paintings-reviewed/bid/31786/Female-Artists-Artemisia-Gentileschi
Friday, August 30, 2019
How does Fitzgerald tell the story in Chapter 5 of ââ¬ÅGreat Gatsbyââ¬Â? Essay
During chapter 5 Gatsby is reunited with Daisy and it becomes clear to the reader that Gatsbyââ¬â¢s emotional frame is out of sync with the passage of time as the novel explores the coming of love of the past into the present. The chapter starts with the return of Nick from his date with Jordan whose relationship seems very impersonal and surface deep compared and contrasted to the passionate and fulfilling relationship of that of Gatsby and Daisy that is addressed and unpicked during chapter 5. Nick describes Jordan to have a ââ¬Ëdisembodied faceââ¬â¢ and a ââ¬Ëwan, scornful mouthââ¬â¢ which give her a ghost like quality suggesting a transparent and empty liaison. Nick returns home to find Gatsbyââ¬â¢s house all lit up ââ¬Ëfrom tower to cellarââ¬â¢ and believes Gatsby is having another extravagant party, Nick walks over to investigate and on his way is startled by Gatsby. Nick invites Gatsby to have tea with himself and Daisy the ââ¬Ëday after tomorrowâ⠬â¢, at this Gatsby becomes very alarmed and nervous about meeting Daisy. This brings to light Gatsbyââ¬â¢s feelings towards Daisy and the subject becomes a sensitive one; this foreshadows their romantic connection later on in the chapter. When Gatsby first meets Daisy he is wearing a ââ¬Ësilver shirt and gold coloured tieââ¬â¢ the colours silver and gold are closely related to wealth and this illustrates how eager he is to show Daisy how wealthy he is now. However the colour gold could be used by Fitzgerald to show that Gatsby is corrupt, because the colour yellow symbolises corruption. Fitzgerald uses pathetic fallacy as rain appears when Gatsby and Daisy meet for the first time which ominously foreshadows their relationship and Gatsbyââ¬â¢s fate. When Daisy finally meets Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates an awkward tension between the two. Fitzgerald uses silences such as ââ¬Ëfor half a minute there wasnââ¬â¢t a soundââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëa pauseââ¬â¢ which was ââ¬Ëendured horriblyââ¬â¢ to create a difficult and detached atmosphere. Conversation between Daisy and Gatsby does not flow easily and is filled with ââ¬Ëchocking murmursââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëabortive attempt at a laughsââ¬â¢ and snippets of small talk. Gatsby then nearly knocks over a ââ¬Ëdefunct mantel piece clockââ¬â¢ in his agitated and jittery manor ââ¬â ââ¬Ëâ⬠¦the clock took this moment to tilt dangerouslyâ⬠¦whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back in placeââ¬â¢. This represents Gatsbyââ¬â¢s vain and clumsy attempt to stop the passage of time in order to retrieve the past. As the clock is aà defunctââ¬â¢ one it does not work and has stopped at one moment in time; just as Gatsbyââ¬â¢s life has stopped. The fact that the clock is ââ¬Ëdefunctââ¬â¢ suggests that Gatsby is stuck in the past, and is deluded because he believes that his and Daisyââ¬â¢s relationship will be a successful one. Fitzgerald uses only two settings for chapter five in order to draw a line between the change of scene and the relationship between Gatsby and Daisy. At the start of the chapter, Nick, Daisy and Gatsby are gathered in Nickââ¬â¢s house; the relationship between Daisy and Gatsby seems somewhat awkward and both characters seem extremely nervous to be reunited again: ââ¬ËI heard a sort of choking murmur and part of a laughââ¬â¢. This quote proves the situation was so nerve racking to Gatsby that he had to laugh to make the atmosphere feel less intense. However, when Gatsby invites Nick and Daisy over to his house his relationship with Daisy has improved and became far more relaxed, even to the point of having a friend play the piano to impress Daisy and to keep developing their relationship. Fitzgerald tells the story in chapter five through the portrayal of society and its materialistic mindset in the 1920ââ¬â¢s. Gatsby feels more at ease in his own home because he is surrounded by luxuries that impress Daisy, ââ¬Ëshirts with stripes and scrolls and plaid in coral and apple green and lavender and faint orange with mono grams of Indian blueââ¬â¢. The repetition of ââ¬Ëandââ¬â¢ implies that Gatsby has a great deal of shirts, Fitzgerald is using the technique of assonance to drag out the sentence making it feel like the list is going on and on therefore creating an appearance of Gatsby having a colossal amount of possessions. It also indicates that for Gatsby to get Daisy back, he needs to ââ¬Ëwooââ¬â¢ her using his wealth; the use of these exotic colours implies that he has been to many places reflecting his experiences. Furthermore, he is trying to display his wealth through his amount of fine, expensive shirts to show Daisy he has completely transformed from the man he was before and can offer her all that Tom can. Fitzgerald is suggesting that now Gatsby is very wealthy, Gatsby believes that he and Daisy are equal ââ¬â relating to the theme of old and new money. The sight of all these extravagant shirts brings tears to Daisyââ¬â¢s eyes because she realises that this is the life she missed out on, the life she could have had with Gatsby. However it could be argued that she begins to cry because money is all that is important to her. Therefore the shirt scene is significant in how it portrays Daisyââ¬â¢s shallow character and how she loves a man for his wealth. Daisy is more representative of people during the decadent world of the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald concludes the chapter is with Nick being the one alone, which is a change of situation as it is usually Gatsby isolated from company. Nick seems almost jealous of the relationship Gatsby and Daisy have. This is shown by the long sentence length used by Nick describing Gatsby and Daisy in the final stages of the chapter where they have fallen for each other. Nick uses long sentences such as ââ¬ËThey had forgotten me but Daisy glanced up and held out her hand; Gatsby didnââ¬â¢t know me now at allââ¬â¢ this shows Nicks jealousy of their relationship and the sentence is broken down into three parts to show how each character is feeling. Nick feels forgotten, Daisy feels she needs someone by holding out her hand and Gatsby is shown to be madly in love by not acknowledging Nick and fixating on Daisy. Chapter 5 is presented as the turning point within the novel when Gatsby and Daisy reunite and where the green light by the deck is not a dream anymore because Daisy is with Gatsby.
Thursday, August 29, 2019
The imposition of the legal burden on the prosecution is a formality Essay
The imposition of the legal burden on the prosecution is a formality - Essay Example Legal matters are highly complex because there are a number of issues that need to be addressed before a verdict can be reached. The greatest complexity that lies when one is dealing with a legal issue is that burden of proof. Every man or woman, who is guilty of a crime the law, grants them an opportunity to defend themselves and provide sufficient evidences to prove their innocence. Therefore, those people who believe that legal burden of evidences is shouldered by the prosecution is largely a legal formality and it is in fact the defense that needs to proof the innocence of the defendant. This is most commonly known as evidential burden and is usually presented by the defense and subjected to further analysis by the prosecutor. A very important dictum by Viscount Sankey in 1935 forms of the basis of this legal argument is: ââ¬Å"Throughout the web of the English criminal law one golden thread is always to be seen, that it is the duty of the prosecution to prove the prisonerââ¬â ¢s guilt subject to ...the defense of insanity and subject also to any statutory exceptionâ⬠. The aforementioned statement takes the English Criminal system into account and describes how it is always the prosecutionââ¬â¢s duty to prove the defendants guilt, hence the prosecution shoulders the burden of proving the guilt and assessing the credibility of the defendantââ¬â¢s proof. This clearly indicates that actually the burden of presenting the proofs of innocence lies with the defendant. Courts have placed the entire legal responsibility on the defendant ââ¬Ëby necessary implicationââ¬â¢. According to Ashworth and Blake, around 40% of the trails held at crown court actually require the defendant to prove his defense or at least one element of his offence to actually be cleared of all charges that are pressed against the individual in question. This is widely adopted form of jurisprudence and in many European nations the same practice is implemented. This can be fu rther understood by taking the following statement in to account, which was given by European convention of human rights. It is stated, ââ¬Å"Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to lawâ⬠. (Cooper, 2003, p. 3) Therefore, it is extremely lucid as to why the actual burden of trial is on the defendant because it is a constitutional right of every individual to defend him or her against any charges and effectively provide plausible evidences or alibi that completely exonerates them. Then as a formality, the persecution actually assesses and cross-questions the defendant to make sure that the evidences brought forward by the individual are reliable and sufficient enough for the court to reach a verdict. It is true that modern criminal justice system has changed immensely and now every individual whether guilty or innocent, do rights in order to protect their interests. The fact that now the criminal justice system provide s every individual the latitude to have a say in their trial, they actually provide the evidences themselves and actually speed up the process by providing first-hand evidences and saves a lot of time for the court. This aspect of a criminal trail was further elaborated by the trial of Sachs J in State vs. Coetzee in 1997 trial; in the trail it was made clear that the more serious the offence is it is important that the defendant gets ample amount of say in the matter because the defendantââ¬â¢s entire life and future well-being is at stake. Therefore at a moral level it is only fitting that every individual gets a say in his trial and actually gets a chance to defend himself by providing evidence of his
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
People`s Points of View on the Gerrymandering Issue Article
People`s Points of View on the Gerrymandering Issue - Article Example This commentator laments the removal of a largely monolithic voting block from diverse Congressional districts to create ones with little or no opposition to elevate congressmen and congresswomen who may push their own agendas back home. He adds that only when both parties or the Courts realize the damage such gerrymandering has done to the country will the negative tenor of political debates eventually subside, but he is not banking on that possibility. The second commentator takes a more realistic view in expressing his favor of transparency. He claims that gerrymandering may be anti-democratic, but it is done by partisans who clearly show their partisanship. It is obvious to him that the public is aware of the political agenda of the candidates they elect and owns up to his preference for politicians whose motives are out in the open do the redistricting than other ââ¬Å"unelected and accountable ââ¬Ëworthiesââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ do so. He thinks that there is no such thing as an unbiased district map and that political preferences are built-in in some districts. The third and last commentator discussed the threat of extremism posed by gerrymandering. He claims that when parties have safe districts party extremists get elected, to the disappointment and dissatisfaction of the American electorate with Congress. He explains that the massive disappointment is caused by these extremists who are often unwilling to agree on policies set by the majority of the electorate since they are decided to firmly put their foot down on their own belief system. This last commentator believes that extremism in Congress is equivalent to most congressmen believing that it is more important to take a stand than to be effective as lawmakers.
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Critically discuss crowdfunding as a source of funding for technology Essay
Critically discuss crowdfunding as a source of funding for technology ventures - Essay Example The European commission is presently dedicated towards releasing the potential of crowdfunding in the European Union, with the aim of enhancing the longer-term funding of enterprises and encouraging innovation (EOS Gallup Europe, 2005). Technology ventures have been on the rise lately, particularly due to high public technology interest; these ventures rely on scientific and technological advancement, selection as well as development of new products, assets or their attributes (Berger & Udell, 1998:1). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make up a vast proportion of all the new jobs creations, with start-up companies introducing new ideas or processes of production that revolutionize ways of doing things. In the European Union, SMEs are considered to be non-subsidiary, autonomous businesses that employ fewer than 250 employees while in the US, SMEs entails firms with less than 500 workers. SMEs have gained increased attention in the previous years, as a result of their massive growth that has been attributed to the increased access to financing (Berggren, Olofsson, Silver, 2000). According to Grant Thornton, a guest speaker from Les Ross, SMEs get most of their funding from banks; given that SMEs account for the greatest number of businesses and jobs in the European Union (Kira, 2013), the commission projects that crowdfunding has the capacity to promote economic growth and job creation. This paper critically discusses crowdfunding as a potentially alternative source of funding for technology ventures, with particular attention given to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The global crowdfunding industry has experienced massive growth over the years, especially with the rapid growth of internet resources (Deakins & Freel 2012, p.9). By 2013, this industry had been estimated to be worth over $5.1 billion. The concept
Monday, August 26, 2019
Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Management - Assignment Example Effect of the powerful technological alteration on the business of sport and human-computer interfaces based on the present trends, investigation and extrapolation and includes genetic engineering and robotics, which alters the capabilities of participants and segregates sports figures even more from the rest of the underlying population. Granted the conditions of genetic engineering and robotics and robotics, there is equal occurrence of radical alteration within the organizational structure of the prevailing sport competitions. Alteration in the organizational structure of the sport competitions mainly entail hierarchy of competition, the format of competition that dictate the dismissal of competitions as opposed to the corresponding seasons and manifold leagues at the same level of competition and the way of dissemination and competition of sports by the prevailing spectators. The sports businesses of the future will look extremely contrasting to those in the present day. This fas cinating article is exceedingly theoretical and is thus suitable for sport business of the present. It is radical and often implausible ideas concerning the future. Sport competitions of the prospect mainly pertain to the free market coupled with freak markets that interest economists in particular.
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Diffrence between ABC costing and the Time Driven ABC costing (HBR) Article
Diffrence between ABC costing and the Time Driven ABC costing (HBR) - Article Example Time Driven ABC was proposed by Robert S. Kaplan and Steven R. Anderson, in 2004. Although ABC had been a trend setter in guiding companies and organizations, still it was unable to keep pace with the ever expanding production lines of companies. Time driven ABC is actually a simplification of the ABC methodology (Kaplan & Bruns). Time Driven ABC requires only the estimation of the practical capacity of resources and the time required for transactional activities. Where ABC does not account for the unused capacity in the organization, Time Driven ABC accounts for the unused capacities, thus opening avenues for the allocation of these capacities to new products or cutting them down. It is easier to maintain and gather the data through this model, as the work force required is far less and also the gathering of the data does not require the employees to be surveyed. The manager can allocate the time for an activity based n his professional observation rather than subjective accounts of the employees. It is easier to calculate and validate as compared to the traditional ABC. The data can also be easily updated. The Time driven ABC method allows for the incorporation of a wide variety of elements in the time equation. It is able to cope with more than just a local department with limited number of activities. It also reduces chances of budget slack, created by withholding of private information held by
Saturday, August 24, 2019
American dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
American dream - Essay Example The early colonists took religion very seriously and believed it defined their individuality. The Puritans along with the Pilgrims and Quakers all wanted to leave England to re-establish their religious practice. England and the Puritans had different beliefs about how Christianity should be practiced and this difference of opinion is what drove the Puritans to head for America. England wanted to make changes and give a new lease of life to Christianity. The Puritans perceived things entirely differently and believed that the modifications England wanted to make to their religion would bring about great misfortune. The New World would bring great blessings from God to the Puritans if they dug their heels into the American soil. One of the things that is not made known by many history books is that a lot of people that came to America eventually went back to their homeland. "Given that people generally came to this country because of intolerable conditions in Europe, this implies that they found life here, whether in the teeming slums of New York or the freezing prairies of North Dakota, even worse" (Locke, 2002). The American dream has not changed significantly in view of the fact that, everyone is still seeking that perfect life. Although, since the early 1900's there have been many alterations to the American dream.
Friday, August 23, 2019
Nuclear power stations based on fission of uranium Essay
Nuclear power stations based on fission of uranium - Essay Example The process of splitting the nuclei is known as fission reaction which distinguishes nuclear power stations from ordinary power generators. Uranium is a non-renewable resource which means that once all the uranium present inside the earthââ¬â¢s crust is used then it cannot be reproduced. Nuclear fission is basically a chain reaction i.e. once the chemical composition of uranium nuclei starts to break then reaction continues until all the uranium material is used by the reactors (Nuclear Fission, 2013). This chain reaction is built and processed under high supervision because if the reaction goes out of control then it will turn in to a nuclear bomb. Hence the primary responsibility of power stations is to keep the process under control in order to avoid destructive consequences. The overall process of splitting the nuclei and converting them into small parts is also known as radioactive decay. Nuclear power stations play a vital role in production of heat and energy which are bene ficial to generate electricity on comparatively larger scale. However, the overall process of fission reactions has numerous environmental hazards in terms of waste products which are significantly harmful for future human generations. Moreover, protecting the nuclear plant incurs huge costs while still bring a threat of nuclear explosion (Nuclear Fission, 2013). Physical Principles of Power Generation The nuclear fission reaction starts with the mere activity of neutrons. When a neutron is fused with another heavy nucleus i.e. Uranium-235, then the uranium nucleus captures the neutron in order to form a compound nucleus (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). That is: When Uranium-235 is kept as a thermal reactor in the nuclear plant then collision with the new neutron increases the overall energy of the reactor. Hence the total energy is equally distributed among 236 neutrons and protons which make the nucleus comparatively unstable. Consequently the heavy nucleus is broken down into smaller nuclei while producing huge amount of energy. Around 85% of the released energy is categorized as kinetic energy which is then converted in to heat. Nuclear Fission Reaction also produces certain by-products including Barium (Ba), Strontium (Sr), Caesium (Cs), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) etc. Approximately 6% heat is produced due to the formation of these fission by-products (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). The following equation explains the formation of Barium during the Nuclear Fission Reaction. With the split of nucleus two or three other neutrons are produced which again fuse with the heavy nucleus of uranium while splitting the nuclei and producing immense energy. Hence in this way the chain reaction is carried in the nuclear reactor. As more and more neutrons are produced more energy is generated and therefore the reaction is restricted to take place under high observation and controlled equipment (Physics of Uranium and Nuclear Energy, 2012). Fo llowing is the Graphic Representation of the Nuclear Reaction Using Uranium Controlling Mechanism of Nuclear Fission Reaction As discussed above that the uncontrollable nuclear fission can turn into a nuclear bomb therefore it is highly significant to make extensive security measures so as to control the activity of neut
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