The Functions Of Dna And Protein Synthesis - 974 Words

The Functions of: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis DNA replication: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chain of molecules that hold the genetic code for all living things. â€Å"This genetic code is the instructions for growth, hair color, eye color, shapes of the body’s structures, and every little detail that is inside of a living organism† (Bhatt). A complete set of genetic instructions is a genome and every cell has two copies of genomes, one from each parent, making a full chromosome. DNA is composed of four different types of nucleotides: Adenine ( A ), Guanine ( G ), Cytosine ( C ), and Thymine ( T ). Thymine is only found in DNA. These four nucleotides come together in pairs for form nucleic acids. Adenine and Thymine are a pair as Guanine and Cytosine are a pair. These pairs of nucleotides are â€Å"glued† via hydrogen bonds onto a nitrogenous base forming a double helix structure. This double helix can grow to be very long, millions, even billions of base pairs long. â€Å"When cells go under mitosis, the DNA in the nucleus must replicate as well. The daughter cells have the exact same DNA as in its original parent cell. When replication begins, hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA structure together break, thus unwinding and exposing their nitrogenous bases. Enzymes called DNA polymerase then come and bring complementary nucleotides to the pairs that were initially there. One new strand of complementary bases forms with an old one and now you have two separate completed strands,Show MoreRelatedDna And Protein Synthesis Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesDNA and Protein Synthesis One of the most fundamental properties of any and all living organisms is that of reproduction. As we all have learned, organisms inherit their genetic information defining their structure and functions from their parents. 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